Table 1

Results of statistical analysis of TRACE and its individual items


Kappa statistics range
Percent of agreement
95% level of agreement (range)
Minimum Significant Change



Intra-raters
Inter-raters
Intra-raters
Inter-raters
Intra-raters
Inter-raters
Intra-raters
Intra-raters

TRACE
0.16–0.24
0.09–0.14
28.8–36.3
18.8–36.1
2/12 (99.4–96.9%)
3/12 (95.0–100%)
3/12
4/12

Shoulders
0.29–0.43
0.16–0.25
51.3–70.6
48.8–70.6
1/4 (96.9–100%)
1/4 (92.5–100%)
2/4
2/4

Scapulae
0.43–0.58
0.41–0.50
76.9–79.4
70.6–80.0
1/3 (99.4–100%)
1/3 (100–100%)
2/3
2/3

Hemi-thorax
0.22–0.41
0.12–0.20
58.8–63.1
50.6–63.1
1/3 (98.1–99.4%)
1/3 (95.6–99.4%)
2/3
2/3

Waist
0.40–0.48
0.07–0.11
55.0–68.0
24.4–68.1
1/5 (95.6–99.4%)
2/5 (98.7–100%)
2/5
3/5

Zaina et al. Scoliosis 2009 4:3   doi:10.1186/1748-7161-4-3